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20 Jul 2012

What Are Nouns?

The easy way to remember nouns is that they refer to a person, place or thing. Even intangible or abstract concepts like ideas or thoughts are things.

  •  A mother 
  • North America 
  • The table 
  • A plan 
  • A wish 
The use of nouns is fairly obvious; it’s difficult to make an actual mistake with a noun. Errors usually involve the words around the noun, or perhaps a singular/plural mistake.

 Most nouns which refer to people are gender neutral (teacher, doctor, lawyer) but a few are gender specific (actor/actress, waiter/waitress). Modern English has adjusted to accommodate gender; a fireman is male, a firewoman is female, and a firefighter is gender neutral.

6 Jul 2012

Formula V and T: UPSR Sentence Construction Techniques

Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris Mudah

Contoh Karangan Bahasa Inggeris Mudah

English UPSR - Writing Techniques

Section A - Question 1




1. The sun is rising and shines brightly.
2. The children are playing the hoops happily.
3. There are two women sitting on the bench and they are talking to each other.
4. The boy, who is wearing jersey number ten, is running after the ball in the park.
5. A man is riding his bicycle and he is waving to the women.



Simple sentences:
1. The boys are playing football at the field.
2. There are two ladies sitting on the bench under the tree.
3. Two girls are playing happily near the flower bush.
4. The sun shines brightly.
5. The boy is cycling his bicycle.






1. The pupils are in the laboratory to carry out an experiment.
2. The pupils are learning a new Science experiment and they are referring to their textbooks.
3. The teacher is explaining the steps and the pupils are listening to him attentively.
4. The bunsen burner is on the table and there is a glass beaker on it.
5. The teacher is standing in front of the pupils while the pupils are sitting on the stools.


Simple sentences:

1. The pupils are in the Science laboratory.
2. The teacher is teaching the pupils.
3. The pupils listen to the teacher.
4. There is a bunsen burner on the table.
5. The pupils are sitting on the stools.

Section B - Question 2




ORANGE JUICE

Give reasons:
Aluminum tin : light and easy to put in the bag , easy to open , recycle , make a pencil holder
300ml. : enough for me
RM1.30 : reasonable, affordable, have enough money in my purse/wallet to buy two tins.
Fresh orange and sugar : refreshing drink,
Favourite flavour , orange contains vitamin C – good for health


Sample answer:
I would choose orange juice because it is my favourite drink. It contains vitamin C so, it is good for health. It is a nutritious and refreshing drink. It could quench my thirst. The price is RM1.30 which is reasonable and affordable. I have enough money to buy it. It is packed in aluminium tin which is light and easy to take to picnics or schools. It is very easy to open and it could be recycled.





CAMPING

Give reasons:
Cost: RM90.00, reasonable and I don't mind spending it for a great experience.
My father would not mind paying it since I'm the apple of his eyes.
Activities - interesting, challenging and exciting.
- love singing - take part in the competition.
Accommodation: tent
never stay in a tent - great and wonderful experience

Sample answer:
I would choose camping because I love outdoor activity. The cost is RM90.00. It is reasonable and I don't mind spending it for a great experience. Besides, my father would not mind paying it since I'm the apple of his eyes. The activities are campfire and singing competition. They are interesting, challenging and exciting. I love singing ,so I could take part in the competition. I have never stay in a tent so, it would be a great and wonderful experience for me.

ENGLISH PAPER 2 - SECTION B 2(b)- how to write your reasons -samples


UPSR: English Paper 2: Section B – Question 2 (b

TOPIC
REASONS

 1.   Place / Venue/ Location

 I can go there easily.
 It is near my house.
 I can go there at anytime.
 It is a nice / beautiful place.


 2.   Society

 It is very enjoyable.
 It is very useful and has a lot of benefits.
 I can gain more knowledge.
 I can improve my vocabulary.
 I can widen my knowledge.
 I shall be more confident of myself.
 I can get a lot of new friends.
 I can do something beneficial during my free time.
 I shall be able to know more about new things.
 It gives me a pleasant feeling.
 It teaches me to independent / confident.
 My parents always encourage me.


 3.  Price / Fee / Fare / Rent

 It is reasonable and affordable.
 I can save my money for other expenses.
 It is a reasonable price and I think I can afford it.
 It is also worth buying.
 The price is low and reasonable.
 I can afford to pay for it / buy it.
 It is cheaper than the others.


 4.  Free gift / Discount / Offer / Souvenir

 It is attractive offer.
 I can save my pocket money.
 I do not have to buy it anymore.
 I don’t have to spend more.


 5.  Food / Drinks / Menu / Dishes / Meal

 It is delicious and appetizing.
 It is nutritious, tasty and appetizing.
 It is my favourite food / drinks.
 It is good for my health.


 6.  Transport

 It is comfortable / convenient.
 I can relax myself during a journey.
 It is an economical way of travelling.
 It is suitable for a long journey.
 It is fast and I won’t feel bored.
 I can enjoy watching the beautiful scenery along     the journey.

 7.  Facility

 I can enjoy them.
 I can use them.

 It is comfortable and convenient.


 8.  Date / Time / Duration

 I am free at that time.
 It takes a shorter / longer time to finish it.
 I would not feel bored.
 The time is enough for me to spend it there.


 9.  Colour / Fashion / Pattern /  Design

 It is beautiful / attractive / eye-catching.
 It is my favourite colour / design.
 It suits me.
 It is the latest fashion / pattern / design.


 10.  Occupation

 I can earn money for living.
 It teaches me to be responsible / independent.
 I will commit to my job.
 I can support my family / parents.


 11.  Pen-pal

 We can exchange ideas.
 We can share the same hobby / ideas / interest.
 I can learn many new things from her / him.
 I shall be able to know more about his / her country.
 I have a chance to visit him / her country one day.


 12.  Pets

 It is cute.
 It is easy to look after / to take care / to manage.
 It is easy to feed.
 I can play with it.
 It can be a great company to me.
 It can help to look after the house.



13.  Material


It is cool and comfortable.
 It is long-lasting.
 It is worth it to buy.
 I can wear it for a long time.


 14.  Finally / Lastly

 I am sure I have made the best choice.
 Definitely, my choice is right.
 I hope my father / mother / brother / sister will like  my choice and appreciate it.

ANALYSIS OF UPSR ENGLISH PAPER 2 ( 2006- 2010 )

SECTION A ( Sentence Construction ) 
2006 - In the Kitchen 
2007 - At a Durian Stall 
2008 - Preparing for Hari Raya
2009 – Children at Work / Drawing a Mural 
2010 – Student at work / Wrapping Prizes

SECTION B ( Information Transfer ) 
2006 – Greeting Cards
2007 - Outdoor Activities
2008 - Hobbies
2009 - Personal Present
2010 - Holiday Destinations 

SECTION C ( Note Expansion ) 
2006 - An Incident : A Burglar Chased by a Goose
2007 - A Story : Helping An Old Woman Repair Her House.
2008 - A Process : Preparing Pickled Papaya
2009 - A Story : Boy Helping Mother To Sell Nasi Lemak
2010 - A Story : Buying Ice-cream for a Poor Girl

PRACTICE FOR PAPER 2 QUESTION 3

Section C Question 3
( Pictures with short notes are given . Write sentences to describe the pictures given. Use the notes given to help you write the sentences )

You are advised to spend 35 minutes on this section.

TIPS

  1. Read the instructions carefully.
  2. Look at the pictures carefully. 
  3. Read and understand the notes given for each picture. Understand the story.
  4. Pay attention to the words given to give you a clue to what tense to use.
  5. Try to use the same tense throughout. The introduction maybe in Present Tense if you are describing the main character of the story. 
  6. Using the notes given , write 3 or 4 paragraphs to describe the pictures or story. Write neatly.
  7. Have an opening and a closure. 
  8. Write a variety of sentences. Use simple, compound and complex sentences. 
  9. Write creatively. Use proper vocabulary to express your ideas.
  10. Use adjectives and adverbs to make them interesting. 
  11. If you are confident, use idioms, similies or proverbs.
  12. Your sentences should link well so that your story has a smooth flow in your story. (Meanwhile, Within a few minutes, As he was walking home, Immediately, Firstly,Then, After that , Suddenly , etc )
  13. Check for mistakes in spelling, grammar and punctuation. Check that you have used the full-stop, comma and capital letters. 
  14. Use the correct sentence structures. 
  15. You may change the order of the words as long as the meaning is clear.
  16. Plan your ideas well. Do not repeat your ideas. 

MARKS FOR PAPER 2 QUESTION 3
Full Marks - 15

Excellent - 13 – 15 
Language used is very good. Ideas are clear, well-planned and interesting. Simple, compound and complex sentences.New words are used. No spelling and 
punctuation errors.

Good 9 – 12 
Language used is good. Tried to make simple, compound and complex sentences. Some errors made. Most ideas are well-planned, relevant and clear. New words are used. Some spelling and punctuation errors. Meaning is clear.

Average 5 – 8 
Language used is correct. Simple sentences with errors. Meaning is clear. Ideas are quite good and vocabulary is enough.Vocabulary is adequate to convey meaning. A few punctuation and spelling errors.

Weak 1 – 4 
Poor use of the language. Many errors in sentences, spelling and punctuation. Ideas cannot be understood. Vocabulary is very weak. Sentences must have meaning.

TIPS ON ANSWERING THE UPSR ENGISH LANGUAGE PAPER- PAPER 2


PRACTICE FOR QUESTION 2
Section B Question 2
( A stimulus is given. Pictures with short notes are given. Complete a table with information from the stimulus. Then write a paragraph giving reasons for a choice made. ) 

You are advised to spend 25 minutes on this section.
TIPS
  1. Read the instructions and information given carefully.
  2. For Question 2 a , look at the table and find the information you need to complete the table. Look for key words. Refer to the answers given as examples to follow. 
  3. Transfer the information to the blanks in the table. Check your spelling, grammar and punctuation . Write neatly and clearly. 
  4. For Question 2 b, choose one option from the choices given. There is no right or wrong choice. You must try to give good reasons for making your choice.
  5. You can use the information from the table to help you list out reasons for your choice.
  6. You do not have to make a comparison with the other items. 
  7. List down the points and reasons .
  8. Use a variety of sentences; simple and compound. 
  9. Use adjectives to make the description more interesting. 
  10. Use linkers to give the description a smoother flow. ( Besides, Therefore, Moreover etc. ) However, use them appropriately ;and not for every sentence. 


SCORING 
  1. Question 2 a – Full marks is 10. 1 mark for each correct answer. No mark for an answer with spelling errors. 
  2. Question 2 b- Full marks is 5

Good mark - 4 
- Language used is good. 
- Simple and compound sentences.
- Some errors. Most reasons are well planned, relevant and clear.
- Some punctuation and spelling errors.
- Meaning is still clear.

Excellent mark - 5
- Language used is very good.
- Hardly any errors. 
- Reasons are clear and well planned, relevant and interesting.
- Simple and compound sentences. 
- Spelling and punctuation correct. 

TIPS ON ANSWERING THE UPSR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER- PAPER 2

  • Look at the pictures and observe the activities and situation in it.
  • The helping words given will help pupils get a general idea of what the situation is in the picture.
  • Pupils may or may not use the helping words to construct sentences in Section A and C.
  • However read the instructions carefully.
  • The sentences must be related to the situation in the pictures.
  • Pupils must be careful with the spelling of words, capital letters and punctuations when transferring information from the original text.
  • Try not to make grammatical and spelling errors when constructing sentences.
  • Simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences can be used to construct sentences.
  • Write in paragraphs for Section C.
  • Do constant revision of your teachers’ notes , use the dictionary and do a lot of practices in answering the English papers. Do not forget to do all your corrections. 

IMPORTANT NOTES & TIPS TO SCORE A
UPSR PAPER 2, Section A Question 1 
( 1 picture and 10 words are given . Write 5 sentences about the picture. )
You are advised to spend 15 minutes on this section.
TIPS:
  1. Read the instructions carefully.
  2. Study the picture and words given. 
  3. Use the words to make 5 complete sentences to describe the picture. You may not use all the words given.
  4. Use linkers or sentence connectors and conjunctions where appropriate. 
  5. Read the sentences and check if they are logical and grammatically correct.
  6. Make sure the sentences describe the picture logically and correctly. 
  7. Make your sentences interesting. You may add adjectives and adverbs. 
  8. You must be consistent when using tenses to describe the picture. Eg. Present and Present Continuous Tense. Pay attention to Subject-Verb Agreement. 
  9. Check your answers and correct any mistakes in grammar, spelling and punctuation. 

MORE USEFUL TIPS TO SCORE A IN SECTION A
  • If you do not know the word given or unsure of its meaning, do not use it. 
  • You are not required to write a story. 
  • Sentences do not have to be in sequence. 
  • The tense used must be consistent. 
  • For Section A, pupils may use the Present Continuous Tense to describe the actions that are happening at present. 
  • You may name the people in the picture but you must be specific. Eg. Puan Kamariah, who is wearing a scarf, is carrying her baby. 
  • If there are two boys , you may say , “ The elder boy is walking away while his younger brother is still buying the bread.” 
  • Do not put yourself in the picture. Avoid writing , “My family and I …..” or “ I am very happy.”
  • If you wish to use the Past Tense, state the time. Remember, the sentences must be in the Past Tense . Look for the words that can guide you. Eg. went , bought , 

Scoring Good and Excellent marks for Question 1
Good marks - 7 and 8
- Most sentences are correct.
- Few single word errors.
- Few errors in grammar, spelling and punctuation.
- Ideas are relevant to the picture.

Excellent marks – 9 and 10
- Simple and compound sentences - Sentences are correct. -
- Nearly no grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors.
- Ideas are relevant to the picture.

IMPORTANT NOTES & TIPS TO SCORE A




Section A Questions 1 – 4 ( a sentence with a missing word ) 

You are advised to spend 4 minutes on these questions.

TYPES OF VOCABULARY ITEMS

1.Animals – Gender – masculine and feminine, animals and their young, mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, insects, other animals 
2.Animal homes – barn, hutch, den, lair , burrow, sty, stable, aviary, apiary,
3.Places – airport, harbour, helipad, quarry, reservoir, landfill, desert, cemetery, sawmill etc
4.Objects - drawer, screwdriver, spanner, bucket, toothpaste, rake, hoe, microscope etc.
5.Transport – air, land and water transport, hovercraft, raft, scooter, yacht, cable car etc.
6.Games – sports equipment , sports attire , indoor games, outdoor activities, telematch etc. 
7.Clothing – traditional costume, vest, jacket, pinafore, dothi , jippa, overall, apron etc. 
8.Footwear – sneakers, sandals, slippers, boots, clogs, high-heeled shoes , spikes etc. 
9.Occupations – things ,instruments or tools used by the people
10.Hobbies – collecting stickers, making handicraft, gardening, flower arrangement, 
11.Plants – fruit, flowers, trees 
12.Kitchen Utensils - pestle and mortar, fish slice, gas cylinder, chopping board, saucer
13.Relationships – doctor-patient-nurse, aunt-uncle-niece-nephew,
14.Buildings – description of buildings , parts of the buildings-minarets, arches, porch
15.Food and Drinks 
16.Parts of the body – head, arm and leg
17.Collective nouns – for people, things and animals 
18.People – Gender ( Masculine and Feminine )

HOW TO ANSWER BI PAPER 1 AND PAPER 2 WISELY AND EFFECTIVELY

Tip UPSR: Tinggalkan dulu soalan susah ketika jawab Bahasa Inggeris
Oleh P Rangit Singh
Berita Harian
2010/09/15
Bahasa Inggeris

PAPER 1
English Paper 1 contains 40 multiple choice questions. They cover the vocabulary, social situation, grammar and comprehension aspects of the language.
In Section A, pupils are to answer questions which test their vocabulary.

Pupils are given three different types of questions namely word level questions, phrase level questions and sentence level questions.

For this section pupils need to study the pictures given in order to answer most of the questions. Pupils can use the ‘Wh’ questions to derive the information from the pictures.

Make sure you read all the options given. Understand them and finally make your choice. Remember to choose the best answer.

In Section B, different social situations are given through the speech bubbles in the pictures. Before proceeding to the options (A, B, C and D), look at the picture and then read the dialogues in the speech bubbles. Understand the social function in the questions (to enquire, to assure, to inform, to explain, to apologise). Then choose the best sentence that fits the empty speech bubble base on the social function.

In the grammar section (Section C) pupils are required to answer questions on grammar, punctuation and spelling. For grammar, pupils need to read the questions and understand the grammar rules that need to be applied. After choosing the answer, you need to think whether the answer you have chosen is the best answer. Reason out the answer by recalling the grammar rules you have learnt.

When choosing the answer for the punctuation questions, pupils need to read all the options given. While reading the sentences, circle the errors. Then compare the sentence with the other options in the question until you find the sentence without errors.

When answering questions on synonym or antonym, make sure you give the synonym or antonym in context (the meaning of the word used in the sentences) and not its general meaning.

For questions that test spelling, pupils need to read the options given carefully. After that compare the words with the other options and choose the word that has the correct spelling.

Usually questions in Section D test pupils on vocabulary and grammar. Read the text given first then determine the tense. Look for clues (words that show the tense) in the text to help you. You also need to refer to the picture given.

A linear and a non linear text are given in the comprehension section. Pupils need to read the text given at least twice. During the first reading, pupils need to get an idea what the text is about. This will help them to get a general view of the text. During the second reading, make sure you understand the whole text especially the important points. If there is a word in a sentence that you don’t understand, underline it and read the sentence again a few more times. You may be able to guess the meaning of the word. Then read the questions carefully and choose the best answer. Make sure you read all the options given before choosing the best answer.

PAPER 2

Section A

* This section tests pupils’ ability to write sentences. Pupils will be given a picture and they have to construct five sentences. Pupils may choose to construct the sentences without using the helping words.

* Pupils need to construct a variety of sentences namely

Simple sentence
Example: The boys are playing football.

Compound sentence
Example: The boys and their friends are playing football in the field.

Complex sentence
Example: Johan, who is wearing jersey number seven, is playing football in the field.

* Do not make assumptions. Write sentences on what you see in the picture. If you want to use names, make sure that you describe clearly the person you are writing about.

Example:
Zul is sitting with his friends. (WRONG)
Zul, who is the tallest among the boys, is holding a hockey stick. (CORRECT)

* After you have completed all the five sentences, make sure you check the grammar, punctuation and spelling. Write clearly so as not to confuse the examiner.

* Don’t relate yourself to the picture.

Example:
My uncle and aunt are watching television in the living room. (WRONG)
A man and a woman are watching television in the living room. (CORRECT)

Section B

* This section contains two questions. Pupils need to transfer the information from the question into the table. Then, they have to make a choice based on the question given and state the reasons for the choice.

* For information transfer pupils need to be aware of the spelling, punctuation and their writing. They need to write clearly and obey the punctuation rules. If the answer written is not legible, no marks will be awarded for the answer. Pick and choose the information based on what is required in the table. Do not copy in any particular sequence.

* For the second part of the question, pupils need to make a choice and state the reasons for their choice. Before you start your answer, read the instruction. Make sure you write based on the choice made.

Example:
You and your family are going on a trip. Based on the information given, which type of tour would you suggest? Give reasons for your choice.

* Don’t only write statements. Support them with logical and suitable reasons. Give some elaboration on your reasons.

Example:
I would choose Aerobus 380 because it can carry the most number of passengers. It is also the longest and the widest among the three planes. Thus, it will be more spacious and I will be able walk around in the plane especially since I’m going to Paris. It is the fastest and does not need any refueling until its destination. It is powered by four jet engines. It will be able to reach the destination faster than the others.

* After completing the answers, pupils must check the sentences for grammar, spelling or punctuation errors.

Section C

* Pupils need to write creatively in this section based on the pictures and words given in the question. Pupils must read the instruction before writing their answer. Pupils may need to use all the words. Sometimes they may not need to use all the words. This depends on the instruction. Therefore, it is crucial for pupils to read the instruction carefully.

Example:

1. Write a story based on the pictures below. You may use the words given to help you. Write your answers in the space provided.

OR

2. Write a story based on the pictures below. Use all the words given to help you. Write your answers in the space provided.

* Pupils are free to name the characters in their answer. They can also name the places in the pictures.

* Start your answer with an interesting introduction and end it with an interesting closure. Your introduction need not be too long. Two or three sentences will be sufficient.

* Write at least four sentences for each picture. Make sure you describe the pictures well. You may use proverbs and similes to make your answer more interesting.

* After completing the answer, read through the sentences. Check for any errors in grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Overall, pupils need to be alert and concentrate while answering the questions. Leave the question that are difficult, answer the easier ones and come back to the difficult ones later. Read the instruction before attempting to answer the questions. Finally, check all your answers before you hand in the answer script to the invigilators. So, good luck and may God bless you all.

3 Jul 2012

Why SHOULD YOU learn English?


Good question. I believe everyone should learn the English language for the following reasons.


Distribution


English is the most widely spoken language in the world based on the distribution of native speakers.


Communication, Friends
  • In many countries, English is widely used, particularly among people who have no other language in common, even though English is not the main language of the country. For example, English is widely used in Hong Kong, Singapore, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Malaysia. In these countries, it is often used as a means of communication between people who use different dialects of their native languages.
  • Now online communities like My Space, YouTube, etc., offer people a way to make friends around the world and practice speaking English.
News, Information
  • English is the main language of news and information in the world.
  • English is the language used in business and government even in countries where it is not the main language.
Business, Government, International Relations
  • English is the main language of international business, diplomacy, and science.
Entertainment
  • Popular culture has played an important part in spreading English.
  • American and British popular music are heard all over the world.
  • American movies are seen in almost every country.
  • Books in English are available even in countries where few people actually use English.
  • It is used for books, music and dance.
  • One reason that students give for learning English is to understand these songs, movies and books.
Travel
  • English is spoken in large hotels and tourist attractions, at airports, and in shops that tourists frequent.
  • Tours are almost always available in English. Even in countries where few people speak English on the street, people who work with tourists generally speak English. In some countries even drivers of buses or streetcars and sellers at newsstands speak English well.